This page contains research articles, and practice tools pertaining to cannabis dosing and the routes of administration. Each route of administration for cannabis (smoking, vaporization, oral, oromucosal, and topical) has different onsets of action, duration, and nuances. The most accurate and safe dosing strategies for cannabis are described in these resources, while also providing practical tools to assist with titration and patient monitoring.

Research Article
Differences in those who prefer smoking cannabis to other consumption forms for mental health: what can be learned to promote safer methods of consumption?Cannabinoids and Mental Health Risks

Lo LA, MacCallum CA, Yau J, Barr A.  Journal of Addictive Diseases. 2022

Chapter 22
Cannabinoid-Based Medicines: Dosing, Titration, and Monitoring

Narouze SN, MacCallum CA. eds. Cannabinoids and Pain. Springer; 2021

Rapid Response to
‘Medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic pain: a clinical practice guideline‘.
BMJ, 2021

MacCallum CA, Lo LA, Pistawka CA & Boivin M

Original Research
Consensus recommendations on dosing and administration of medical cannabis to treat chronic pain: results of a modified Delphi process
Journal of Cannabis Research. 2021

Bhaskar A… MacCallum CA, et al.

Review Article
Practical considerations in medical cannabis administration and dosing
European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2018; 49

MacCallum CA & Russo EB

Infographic
Cannabis: Dosing and Titration

© Dr. Caroline MacCallum 2021

Infographic
Cannabis: Routes of Administration

© Dr. Caroline MacCallum 2021

Priming primary care providers to engage in evidence-based discussions about cannabis with patients. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice. 2019; 14(1)

Routes of administration for cannabis use – basic prevalence and related health outcomes: a scoping review and synthesis. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2018; 52

Adherence, Safety, and Effectiveness of Medical Cannabis and Epidemiological Characteristics of the Patient Population: A Prospective Study. Frontiers in Medicine. 2022.

The pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2018; 84(11)

Pharmacokinetic profile of oral cannabis in humans: blood and oral fluid disposition and relation to pharmacodynamic outcomes. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 2017; 41(2)

Vaporization as a smokeless cannabis delivery system: a pilot study. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2007; 82(5)